美(mei)國物流模式強(qiang)調"整體(ti)化的物流管理系統(tong)"，是(shi)一種(zhong)以整體(ti)利益為重，沖(chong)破按部門分管的體(ti)制，從(cong)整體(ti)進行(xing)統(tong)一規(gui)劃管理的方式。從(cong)上世紀(ji)60年代起(qi)，商品配(pei)送合理化在發達(da)國家普遍得到重視。
（1）在市(shi)場營銷(xiao)方面
物流管理含分配計劃、運輸、倉儲、市場研究、為用戶服(fu)務五(wu)個過程。
（2）在流(liu)通和(he)服務方面
在物流管理過(guo)程含需求預(yu)測、訂貨過(guo)程、原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料購(gou)買、加工(gong)過(guo)程，即從原(yuan)(yuan)材(cai)料購(gou)買直至送達(da)顧客的全部物資流通過(guo)程。
物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象、目(mu)標(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) （一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)）對(dui)(dui)(dui)象： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)象是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)決(jue)策的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)角(jiao)度(du)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)上(shang)述系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。 （二(er)(er)）目(mu)標(biao)(biao)： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)概述為：運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，根據物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)(dui)(dui)復(fu)雜物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)，更(geng)好地服(fu)務(wu)(wu)于(yu)人(ren)類社會(hui)(hui)(hui)。 （三）特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)： 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)具備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)自(zi)然科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)與(yu)(yu)(yu)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)相(xiang)互交(jiao)叉(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)，不(bu)僅要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)自(zi)然科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)邏輯(ji)推理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)邏輯(ji)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算，同(tong)時(shi)，也(ye)常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)模型化(hua)(hua)、仿真與(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)采用(yong)(yong)定量(liang)計(ji)(ji)(ji)算與(yu)(yu)(yu)定性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)相(xiang)結合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。 編輯(ji)本段物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵(han) 國內(nei)著名物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)億博物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)咨(zi)詢(xun)公(gong)司總經(jing)(jing)(jing)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)謝勤提(ti) 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua) 出，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)諸多(duo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)領(ling)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)諸多(duo)標(biao)(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)含(han)義(yi)(yi)，從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du)來研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)戰略是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真正(zheng)意義(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，國家也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)把物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類在(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)內(nei)。 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。設(she)施(shi)(shi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)魂，規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)優劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先決(jue)條件(jian)(jian)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)了(le)(le)軟件(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)僅留在(zai)(zai)(zai)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)階段，需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)來實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)件(jian)(jian)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、制造、安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、調試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，同(tong)時(shi)也(ye)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)軟件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)進行(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)、設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，既要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮其經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)指標(biao)(biao)，又(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。因此(ci)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)為其理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論基(ji)(ji)礎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，也(ye)有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)。 編輯(ji)本段物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)類 物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，可以(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)總體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)兩大(da)(da)(da)類。 （一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)）具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 可以(yi)(yi)細(xi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)以(yi)(yi)下幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域(yu)： 1、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)材料(liao)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)，以(yi)(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)形態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)，進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。 包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩大(da)(da)(da)領(ling)域(yu)。支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)被包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具有(you)(you)防護(hu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)便于(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)操作(zuo)(zuo)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。雖(sui)然也(ye)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)結合(he)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)慮商品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)促銷(xiao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)潢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，但那(nei)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。 集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。很多(duo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)者認(ren)為，集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)已經(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)再屬于(yu)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)，而(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)完全獨(du)(du)立(li)形成(cheng)(cheng)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包括托(tuo)盤工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)其它集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，等(deng)等(deng)。 2、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)倉庫和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)其它存(cun)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)使儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)(xiang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)環節(jie)(jie)按物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)(ti)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求進行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)。 儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)領(ling)域(yu)向(xiang)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)最(zui)強(qiang)勁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)領(ling)域(yu)。高(gao)(gao)層立(li)體(ti)(ti)貨架系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)存(cun)取系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、無人(ren)搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、計(ji)(ji)(ji)算機(ji)庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存(cun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。 3、輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包含(han)了(le)(le)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)領(ling)域(yu)，并(bing)從現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)角(jiao)度(du)，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)幅(fu)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)升。除了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、鐵路(lu)(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、航空運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之外，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，特(te)別(bie)(bie)重(zhong)視不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、最(zui)優的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組合(he)，出 相(xiang)關(guan)書籍 現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)\門到(dao)門\、\庫到(dao)庫\ 甚(shen)至\線(xian)到(dao)線(xian)\的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)，出現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)跨(kua)越不(bu)同(tong)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)\駝背運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)\、\滾(gun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)\"、\"多(duo)式(shi)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)\"等(deng)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 4、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)機(ji)具及(ji)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，以(yi)(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)場(chang)所(suo)(suo)內(nei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空間移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。 裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)其他工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或附屬，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而(er)(er)言，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸搬(ban)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)相(xiang)當強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)(du)立(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)很高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。例(li)如港口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)箱裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、煤炭、礦石(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，大(da)(da)(da)型倉庫、火車(che)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)等(deng)。 5、配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)(zhong)心、配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終(zhong)送(song)(song)(song)(song)到(dao)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)。 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)曾經(jing)(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)末端輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。由(you)于(yu)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)設(she)施(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面有(you)(you)別(bie)(bie)于(yu)干線(xian)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，同(tong)時(shi)，現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)(dui)(dui)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)調，又(you)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)別(bie)(bie)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)面向(xiang)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)近特(te)別(bie)(bie)引起(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)界重(zhong)視的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)還在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)，它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電子商務(wu)(wu)連(lian)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)新經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)更(geng)為密切。 配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)保障新經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)\"零庫存(cun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)\"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)(suo)依賴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。 6、流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)附加價值(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)操作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便利程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。 流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)(suo)依托(tuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、機(ji)械裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，源于(yu)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)領(ling)域(yu)，由(you)于(yu)被流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)涉及(ji)面廣，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)非(fei)常(chang)復(fu)雜。 比(bi)較重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)：冷鏈(lian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)混凝土工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、鋼板剪(jian)板工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)等(deng)。 7、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，建(jian)立(li)新型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)秩序(xu)。 供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)當前發(fa)(fa)達國家特(te)別(bie)(bie)致力(li)于(yu)建(jian)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，也(ye)受到(dao)了(le)(le)我國經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)視。 供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)依托(tuo)四項(xiang)(xiang)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)：完善網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、柔性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、精密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)買方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)市場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)(ti)制。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)全部或部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)包含(han)上(shang)述各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，可見(jian)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及(ji)其難度(du)。 （二(er)(er)）總體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 以(yi)(yi)它所(suo)(suo)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)而(er)(er)言，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)進行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)由(you)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)： 1、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信息(xi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)(da)范圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)、收(shou)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)，以(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營，支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)跨(kua)地區、大(da)(da)(da)范圍(wei)(wei)、多(duo)結點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)，只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)信息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)下，才會(hui)(hui)(hui)解決(jue)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)問(wen)題(ti)，因此(ci)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)信息(xi)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)維持(chi)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么龐(pang)大(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)且復(fu)雜系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)進行(xing)(xing)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絕對(dui)(dui)(dui)不(bu)可缺(que)乏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)段。 除了(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)信息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，決(jue)策支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、庫存(cun)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、條形碼系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)之外，全球衛星定位(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、遠(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)據交(jiao)換系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)銷(xiao)配(pei)(pei)送(song)(song)(song)(song)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)等(deng)信息(xi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，近年特(te)別(bie)(bie)受到(dao)人(ren)們關(guan)注(zhu)。 2、實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 資源配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)最(zui)終(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、具體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)，實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素，它集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)了(le)(le)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)員。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力(li)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)素配(pei)(pei)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)由(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接(jie)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)所(suo)(suo)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)上(shang)面，并(bing)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)覆蓋(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業、供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)商、用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資本投入領(ling)域(yu)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)力(li)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)力(li)、能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)，因此(ci)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)本集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)域(yu)。 實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置(zhi) [1]物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)培養的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)企業需求設(she)置(zhi)。教學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)具有(you)(you)寬(kuan)廣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)綜(zong)(zong)合(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，反映當代(dai)(dai)(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)領(ling)域(yu)相(xiang)關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前沿。攻(gong)讀物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業碩(shuo)士(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)，應(ying)(ying)獲得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)不(bu)少于(yu)32學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，其中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)位(wei)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)至少14學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，專(zhuan)(zhuan)業必(bi)修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)至少18學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。具體(ti)(ti)詳(xiang)見(jian)如下課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設(she)置(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)覽表。 類別(bie)(bie) 課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名稱 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen) 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)核 方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi) 備(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)注(zhu) 學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 位(wei) 課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、公(gong)共基(ji)(ji)礎課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) （1）自(zi)然辯(bian)證法(fa)(fa) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論與(yu)(yu)(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踐 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）英語(yu) 4 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 二(er)(er)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業基(ji)(ji)礎課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) （1）運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)籌學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)供(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)(ying)鏈(lian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)作(zuo)(zuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （4）商務(wu)(wu)英語(yu) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 必(bi) 修(xiu) 課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng) 與(yu)(yu)(yu) 必(bi) 修(xiu) 環 節(jie)(jie) 三、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業必(bi)修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) （1）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （2）規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)論（計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)調度(du)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)） 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （3）項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （4）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)施(shi)(shi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji) 3 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （5）管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)信息(xi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （6）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （7）財務(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) （8）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 四、必(bi)修(xiu)環節(jie)(jie) （1）學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)討 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （2）文獻綜(zong)(zong)述與(yu)(yu)(yu)開題(ti)報告 2 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 選 修(xiu) 課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) 五、公(gong)共選修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) （1）物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)建(jian)模與(yu)(yu)(yu)仿真 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （2）工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)經(jing)(jing)(jing)濟(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue) 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) （3）國際物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 六、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)選修(xiu)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke) （由(you)指導老師開1門方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)課(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)） 1 考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)查(cha)(cha) 合(he) 計(ji)(ji)(ji) 38
"國(guo)際物流(liu)成本的控制方法(fa)：
為了(le)加(jia)強(qiang)成本(ben)管理，必須對(dui)國際物流成本(ben)進行事前控制(zhi)。成本(ben)控制(zhi)的(de)目的(de)在于(yu)通過降低成本(ben)來(lai)獲取更大的(de)利潤(run)。
1、成(cheng)本控制的第一步是制定(ding)成(cheng)本控制目標(biao)，即(ji)以企業(ye)的目標(biao)贏利(li)為基(ji)(ji)準，層層分解目標(biao)成(cheng)本，將其落實到最基(ji)(ji)本的活動(dong)單位；
2、其次是核算成本控(kong)制(zhi)績效，監督、檢查實際執行(xing)狀況，分析(xi)偏差并制(zhi)定(ding)控(kong)制(zhi)決策；
3、最后是實施控制(zhi)(zhi)措施，滾動修正控制(zhi)(zhi)目標。
影響國(guo)際物流(liu)成本的(de)因素主要有以(yi)下幾(ji)方(fang)面：
(1)物流合(he)理化(hua)。
物(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理化就是(shi)使物(wu)流(liu)(liu)設備配置和一(yi)切物(wu)流(liu)(liu)活(huo)動(dong)趨于合(he)理，具(ju)體(ti)表(biao)現為以盡可能(neng)低的(de)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本獲得(de)盡可能(neng)高的(de)服務(wu)水平。對(dui)于一(yi)個企業(ye)而言，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理化是(shi)影響物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本的(de)關(guan)鍵因(yin)素，它直接關(guan)系到企業(ye)的(de)效益，是(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)管理追求的(de)總(zong)目標。
物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)(li)化包含的(de)(de)(de)內容很(hen)多(duo)，并不(bu)是(shi)簡單地(di)局(ju)限于運輸(shu)、保管(guan)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸、搬運、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、流(liu)(liu)通加(jia)工和信(xin)息處理(li)(li)等物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)要素的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)化。應把(ba)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)設(she)備和物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)活動看做(zuo)一個系(xi)(xi)統，各(ge)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)要素同(tong)處于該(gai)系(xi)(xi)統之中，發揮著各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)和作用。比如有(you)時提高了(le)運輸(shu)頻率(lv)，此(ci)時運輸(shu)成本增加(jia)了(le)，而倉儲保管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)成本卻(que)下降了(le)，并且總的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本也減少了(le)，這就達到了(le)目的(de)(de)(de)。由此(ci)可見，物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)化要根據實際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程來設(she)計、規(gui)劃(hua)，不(bu)能(neng)單純地(di)強調(diao)某環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)理(li)(li)、有(you)效和節(jie)省(sheng)成本，應把(ba)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)理(li)(li)化當做(zuo)是(shi)整個物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)優(you)化。最優(you)化的(de)(de)(de)組成，達到最低(di)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本。
如(ru)何設計物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務方(fang)(fang)案，是實現(xian)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)化的關鍵，也是降低物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)、獲取更大“第三利(li)潤”的有效途(tu)徑。設計一個合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務方(fang)(fang)案，需要(yao)廣(guang)博的知識及廣(guang)泛的調(diao)查，這(zhe)里既(ji)包括運輸(shu)方(fang)(fang)式、運輸(shu)路(lu)線(xian)的選擇(ze)，也包括倉庫的選擇(ze)、貨(huo)物(wu)的堆碼(ma)技(ji)術等(deng)等(deng)。在這(zhe)些方(fang)(fang)面(mian)加(jia)強學(xue)習，加(jia)強調(diao)查研(yan)究，積累資料，會給設計合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的物(wu)流(liu)(liu)方(fang)(fang)案提供便利(li)，使(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)更為合(he)(he)(he)理(li)化，使(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)更小、效益(yi)更高。
(2)物流(liu)質(zhi)量。
加(jia)強物(wu)(wu)流質量管理(li)，是降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)流成本的有(you)效途(tu)徑(jing)。只(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)提高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)流質量，才能不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)減少(shao)和消(xiao)(xiao)滅各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)差錯事故，降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)必要的費用支(zhi)出；只(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)提高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)流質量，才能降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)流過程(cheng)的消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)，增加(jia)物(wu)(wu)流企業的贏利；只(zhi)有(you)不(bu)斷(duan)(duan)提高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)流質量，保持(chi)良好的信譽，才能吸引更多的客戶(hu)，形(xing)成規模化(hua)的集約經營，提高(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)流效率，從(cong)根本上降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)物(wu)(wu)流成本。
在物(wu)流(liu)(liu)質(zhi)量管理的(de)過程(cheng)中，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務質(zhi)量更是物(wu)流(liu)(liu)企業所(suo)追求的(de)目標，物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務是物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本(ben)的(de)一項(xiang)內涵(han)。物(wu)流(liu)(liu)服務質(zhi)量的(de)好壞，直接影(ying)響著物(wu)流(liu)(liu)企業在市(shi)場上的(de)競爭力。
一(yi)般情況下，提(ti)高物(wu)流服(fu)(fu)務質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，物(wu)流成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)就會增加；降低(di)(di)(di)物(wu)流服(fu)(fu)務質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量，物(wu)流成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)也(ye)相應會降低(di)(di)(di)。由(you)此可(ke)見，在(zai)降低(di)(di)(di)物(wu)流成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)與提(ti)高物(wu)流服(fu)(fu)務質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量之間存在(zai)著(zhu)一(yi)種(zhong)矛盾對立的(de)(de)關系。所(suo)以，在(zai)確定物(wu)流服(fu)(fu)務質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量時(shi)，要以得(de)到(dao)用戶滿意為前提(ti)，同時(shi)兼(jian)顧物(wu)流成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)合理，使兩者(zhe)的(de)(de)利益達到(dao)協調統(tong)一(yi)。
(3)物流效率(lv)。
提高物(wu)流(liu)效(xiao)率，可(ke)以減少資金占用，縮(suo)短物(wu)流(liu)周期，降低儲(chu)存費用，從而節省物(wu)流(liu)成本。物(wu)流(liu)企(qi)業應注重對現有的(de)資源和(he)流(liu)程(cheng)不斷進(jin)行改(gai)造，提高作業效(xiao)率，同時，配置(zhi)一些基礎性的(de)設施，如電腦、軟(ruan)件(jian)、系(xi)統(tong)聯(lian)網等(deng)。
電(dian)子商(shang)(shang)務(wu)已在各行(xing)各業(ye)興(xing)起，它也應成為物(wu)流(liu)(liu)業(ye)努力的(de)方向(xiang)。將電(dian)子商(shang)(shang)務(wu)應用(yong)于促進(jin)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)業(ye)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)節約大(da)量的(de)人力、時間，從而(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高物(wu)流(liu)(liu)的(de)整體效率，并使(shi)物(wu)流(liu)(liu)成本降到最(zui)低。
(4)物流人(ren)才(cai)。
使(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)合理化(hua)、提(ti)高物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)服務質量及物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)效率，這些都(dou)需要專業的(de)人(ren)(ren)員去(qu)做，他們工作的(de)方法、態度，將間(jian)接影響企(qi)業物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)大小。重視物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)才，可以節省許多機(ji)會成(cheng)本(ben)。他們的(de)一個好(hao)(hao)建(jian)議或者合理優化(hua)的(de)方案，都(dou)會給企(qi)業帶(dai)來巨大的(de)效益，所以，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)才是(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業的(de)寶貴資源，是(shi)一種(zhong)潛在(zai)的(de)效益。好(hao)(hao)的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業，都(dou)由一些精(jing)明能干的(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)才支撐。要想發展(zhan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)，就必須(xu)重視物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)才的(de)培(pei)養與(yu)培(pei)訓，同時，給他們創造一個良好(hao)(hao)的(de)工作環境，制定培(pei)養人(ren)(ren)才、留住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)才、使(shi)用人(ren)(ren)才的(de)人(ren)(ren)才管理辦法。通(tong)過優秀物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)才的(de)努力工作，去(qu)實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)降(jiang)低，實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業的(de)效益，實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業的(de)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)。
實際上，影響物流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)的因(yin)素(su)遠(yuan)不(bu)止這(zhe)些。要想降(jiang)低(di)物流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)，就(jiu)必須對(dui)整(zheng)個物流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程進(jin)行分析，發現問題(ti)，解(jie)決問題(ti)，對(dui)物流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)程不(bu)斷完善。只有這(zhe)樣，才能(neng)使物流(liu)(liu)更加合理化、物流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)最小化。所(suo)以，降(jiang)低(di)物流(liu)(liu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)、提高物流(liu)(liu)服務質量是企業(ye)永(yong)久的課題(ti)。
中美物(wu)(wu)(wu)流研究院以培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際化(hua)、高(gao)層次、創新(xin)(xin)型的物(wu)(wu)(wu)流專業(ye)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)為(wei)(wei)首要(yao)目標，在(zai)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)上嚴(yan)格貫穿(chuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際視野、寬厚的理論基礎(chu)及強調學(xue)(xue)(xue)生的實(shi)務經(jing)驗三大(da)理念(nian)。與國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外著名高(gao)校、知名企業(ye)以及政府(fu)進行合(he)作，不(bu)斷優(you)化(hua)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)方(fang)案課程(cheng)，力圖在(zai)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)體系和模式(shi)上取得突破(po)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)流院依托上海交通大(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)管理科學(xue)(xue)(xue)、信息技術、數字(zi)制造和工(gong)業(ye)工(gong)程(cheng)、航運、金融、貿易、統計學(xue)(xue)(xue)、經(jing)濟學(xue)(xue)(xue)、法律相關(guan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科的綜合(he)優(you)勢，積極建設現代(dai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流科學(xue)(xue)(xue)中新(xin)(xin)興的交叉(cha)學(xue)(xue)(xue)科。同時吸引國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外優(you)秀(xiu)師資力量，努力打(da)造成為(wei)(wei)一個(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際化(hua)人(ren)才(cai)(cai)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)基地，為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)流精(jing)英和領(ling)袖人(ren)才(cai)(cai)。
學(xue)(xue)(xue)院在“管(guan)(guan)理(li)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)與工程(cheng)(cheng)”一級學(xue)(xue)(xue)科下獨立招收(shou)與培養物流工程(cheng)(cheng)專業碩(shuo)士（全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)制(zhi)(zhi)和非(fei)全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)制(zhi)(zhi)）、管(guan)(guan)理(li)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)與工程(cheng)(cheng)博士。其中非(fei)全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)物流工程(cheng)(cheng)自2011年(nian)起(qi)與風神物流公司合作招收(shou)集團班學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)，目前已招收(shou)三屆(jie)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)，2016年(nian)起(qi)全(quan)(quan)國取(qu)消物流工程(cheng)(cheng)非(fei)全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)制(zhi)(zhi)（單證），實行全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)制(zhi)(zhi)和非(fei)全(quan)(quan)日(ri)(ri)制(zhi)(zhi)物流工程(cheng)(cheng)專業碩(shuo)士培養并軌（雙證），2019年(nian)起(qi)物流工程(cheng)(cheng)并入工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，自2020年(nian)起(qi)中美物流研究院開始計劃招收(shou)工程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)碩(shuo)士（MEM）。
重點研究方向(xiang)：1、現代物流與供應鏈管(guan)理(li)；２、智(zhi)能制造(zao)及(ji)服務型制造(zao)運營管(guan)理(li)；３、醫療健康工(gong)程管(guan)理(li)；
學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)成立至今已培(pei)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)與工(gong)(gong)程碩士、博士，物(wu)(wu)流工(gong)(gong)程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)碩士畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生223名(ming)；其中，博士研究(jiu)生18人(ren)，碩士研究(jiu)生205人(ren)（含一名(ming)留學(xue)(xue)(xue)生）；管理(li)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)與工(gong)(gong)程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)88人(ren)，物(wu)(wu)流工(gong)(gong)程專業(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)135人(ren)。與美國佐治(zhi)亞理(li)工(gong)(gong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)院(yuan)聯合培(pei)養(yang)(yang)雙碩士學(xue)(xue)(xue)生57名(ming)。
畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)就業(ye)(ye)(ye)率100%，畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)質量優秀，榮(rong)獲(huo)2012/2013/2016年上海交通大學就業(ye)(ye)(ye)質量獎(jiang)稱(cheng)號。畢業(ye)(ye)(ye)去向(xiang)主要為：讀博深造(zao)、國有(you)大中型企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、世(shi)界著(zhu)名企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、重要民企、高校、黨政機關、自(zi)主創業(ye)(ye)(ye)等。
你說的(de)是渦流吧。
渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)被法國物理學家萊昂(ang)·傅科所(suo)發現。導(dao)體在(zai)非均勻磁場(chang)中(zhong)移動或處在(zai)隨時間變化的磁場(chang)中(zhong)時，因(yin)渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)而導(dao)致能量損耗(hao)，渦(wo)(wo)流(liu)屬于上(shang)述(shu)情況下導(dao)體內(nei)的感(gan)生的電(dian)流(liu)，這種電(dian)流(liu)在(zai)導(dao)體中(zhong)形成(cheng)一(yi)圈(quan)圈(quan)閉合的電(dian)流(liu)線。
傅科的相關貢獻：
1845~1847年(nian)間，傅科和菲佐合(he)作，改進了達蓋(gai)爾的照相技術(shu)，并把它應(ying)用于天文攝影。
1847年，改進了惠更斯(si)的錐擺(bai)鐘，而制成了傅科鐘，后來用它測(ce)定地球(qiu)的轉(zhuan)動(dong)。
1848年，發現當(dang)日光(guang)通過合(he)鈉鹽(yan)的(de)碳(tan)弧(hu)焰時，在其光(guang)譜的(de)鈉D線處，出現兩條黑(hei)線，后來知道(dao)，這(zhe)就(jiu)是鈉的(de)吸收光(guang)譜。
1852年(nian)發明了(le)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)儀，并發現了(le)回轉(zhuan)(zhuan)羅盤效(xiao)應。
1855年設計了(le)光度(du)計。
1855年，傅科發現(xian)在磁場中(zhong)的運動圓盤因電磁感應而(er)產(chan)生渦電流(liu)，被稱為“傅科電流(liu)”。
1857年(nian)創制了“傅科棱鏡(jing)”，用于偏振光的研究并(bing)提(ti)出用鍍銀(yin)玻(bo)璃反射鏡(jing)代替(ti)金屬反射鏡(jing)。
1858年，又設計(ji)了(le)反射式望遠(yuan)鏡(jing)(jing)的橢球(qiu)面鏡(jing)(jing)。
1860年(nian)發明(ming)了(le)定日鏡的跟蹤(zong)系統。
（1）按物品(pin)運動方式(shi)分類(lei)：流通業物流、制造業物流
（2）按地域(yu)范圍分類：區域(yu)物流、國(guo)內物流、國(guo)際物流
（3）物(wu)流系統按研究(jiu)對象分類(lei)：微觀(guan)物(wu)流（企(qi)業物(wu)流）、宏(hong)觀(guan)物(wu)流（社會物(wu)流）
（4）按照企業運(yun)營(ying)模式(shi)分類：第一方(fang)物流、第二方(fang)物流、第三(san)方(fang)物流、第四方(fang)物流、第五(wu)
方物流。
國(guo)際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)范圍包括國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、非貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)國(guo)際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)、國(guo)際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)投資、國(guo)際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)合作、國(guo)際(ji)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)交流(liu)等領域(yu)。其(qi)中，國(guo)際(ji)貿(mao)易(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)流(liu)主要(yao)是指組織貨物(wu)(wu)在國(guo)際(ji)間的(de)(de)合理流(liu)動。
非貿易國際(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是指(zhi)如(ru)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)展覽(lan)與展品物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、國際(ji)(ji)(ji)郵政物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)等;國際(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)合作是指(zhi)不同(tong)國別的企(qi)業(ye)共(gong)同(tong)完成重大的國際(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)濟技(ji)術(shu)項目的國際(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).流(liu)(liu)(liu);國際(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)投(tou)資是指(zhi)不同(tong)國別的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業(ye)共(gong)同(tong)投(tou)資組建(jian)國際(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)企(qi)業(ye)