大家好(hao)！今(jin)天讓小(xiao)編來大家介紹下關于國際航空運輸(shu)協會成立(li)日(ri)期(qi)_國際航空運輸(shu)協會成立(li)日(ri)期(qi)的(de)問題，以下是(shi)小(xiao)編對此(ci)問題的(de)歸納整(zheng)理(li)，來看看吧(ba)。
文章目錄列表:
一、國際貨物運輸航空貨物運輸方式有什么？
班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)開航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)線，定(ding)(ding)(ding)始發(fa)站(zhan)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)港、定(ding)(ding)(ding)途經站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)都使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)客(ke)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)混合(he)(he)型飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（Combination Carrier).一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面搭載(zai)旅客(ke)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面又(you)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送少量(liang)(liang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。但(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)上開辟定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)班(ban)(ban)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（All Cargo Carrier)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)：1、班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由于(yu)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)線、；固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)停靠港和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)(qi)開飛(fei)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)間(jian)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)流通(tong)(tong)多(duo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，能安全(quan)迅(xun)速地(di)(di)到(dao)達世界(jie)上各(ge)(ge)通(tong)(tong)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)天地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。2、便(bian)(bian)利收(shou)(shou)(shou)、發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人可(ke)確(que)切(qie)掌握貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)起(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和(he)到(dao)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，這(zhe)對市場(chang)上急(ji)需(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商品、鮮(xian)活(huo)易腐貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)貴(gui)重(zhong)商品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非常(chang)(chang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。3、班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)客(ke)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)混載(zai)，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，艙(cang)位有(you)(you)(you)(you)限，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能使(shi)大(da)批量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)批運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)處。包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)（Chartered Carrier）包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)整包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)兩(liang)類。1．整包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（1）即(ji)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)租整架飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，指(zhi)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)按(an)(an)照與(yu)(yu)租機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人事先約定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)及(ji)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，將(jiang)(jiang)整架飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)租給包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人，從一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)或(huo)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)港裝運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)至目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)。（2）包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)要(yao)在(zai)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)裝運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)月(yue)與(yu)(yu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)聯系，以(yi)(yi)便(bian)(bian)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)安排(pai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)和(he)向(xiang)起(qi)降機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關政府(fu)部(bu)門(men)(men)申(shen)請、辦理(li)(li)過(guo)境或(huo)入境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關手(shou)(shou)續。（3）包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)議，隨(sui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)市場(chang)供(gong)求情況變化。原則(ze)上包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)費(fei)(fei)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)按(an)(an)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飛(fei)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)費(fei)(fei)率核(he)收(shou)(shou)(shou)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，并按(an)(an)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飛(fei)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)80％收(shou)(shou)(shou)取(qu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)放費(fei)(fei)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，大(da)批量(liang)(liang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)，均要(yao)爭取(qu)來回程都有(you)(you)(you)(you)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)載(zai)，這(zhe)樣(yang)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低(di)(di)。只使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)程，運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)費(fei)(fei)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高。2．部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（1）由幾(ji)家航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)或(huo)發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人聯合(he)(he)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)租一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)架飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)者由航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)把一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)架飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艙(cang)位分(fen)(fen)別(bie)賣給幾(ji)家航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)裝載(zai)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)架整飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)艙(cang)仿。但(dan)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)量(liang)(liang)又(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。（2）部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)①時(shi)(shi)間(jian)比(bi)(bi)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)長，盡(jin)管部(bu)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)表，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)因其(qi)(qi)他原因不(bu)(bu)(bu)能按(an)(an)時(shi)(shi)起(qi)飛(fei)；②各(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)政府(fu)為(wei)(wei)了保護本國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)利益常(chang)(chang)對從事包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)業(ye)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)實(shi)(shi)行(xing)各(ge)(ge)種限制(zhi)。如(ru)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)狹(xia)窄，降落地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)受到(dao)限制(zhi)。需(xu)(xu)降落非指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)向(xiang)當(dang)地(di)(di)政府(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關部(bu)門(men)(men)申(shen)請，同意后(hou)才能降落（如(ru)申(shen)請入境、通(tong)(tong)過(guo)領空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)和(he)降落地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)）。（3）包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)(dian)(dian)①解決班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)倉位不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛盾。②貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)全(quan)部(bu)由包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，節(jie)省時(shi)(shi)間(jian)和(he)多(duo)次發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)續。③彌(mi)補沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)直達航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)班(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)，且不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉。④減少貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)損、貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)差或(huo)丟失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。⑤在(zai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)旺季緩解航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)班(ban)(ban)緊張(zhang)狀(zhuang)況。③解決海鮮(xian)、活(huo)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)問題(ti)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)（Consolidation）1．集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)將(jiang)(jiang)若干票單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)獨發(fa)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、發(fa)往(wang)(wang)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)來作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)票貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，填寫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)發(fa)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)到(dao)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)到(dao)站(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法。2．集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體做法（1）將(jiang)(jiang)每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)票貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)，即(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)具(ju)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)HAWB（House Airway Bill）。（2）將(jiang)(jiang)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區分(fen)(fen)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)，按(an)(an)照其(qi)(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家、同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)城市來集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)出(chu)(chu)(chu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)MAWB（Master Airway Bill）。總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人和(he)收(shou)(shou)(shou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人均為(wei)(wei)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。（3）打出(chu)(chu)(chu)該(gai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)項下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)（Manifest），即(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)，號碼各(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)件(jian)(jian)數、重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)各(ge)(ge)多(duo)少等等。（4）把該(gai)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)和(he)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)清(qing)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整票貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)交給航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)可(ke)視貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)具(ju)體情況隨(sui)附分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)（也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)，也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)）。如(ru)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)MAWB內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)HAWB，說明此(ci)(ci)(ci)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)10票貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)，發(fa)給10個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人。（5）貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)到(dao)達目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)站(zhan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)場(chang)后(hou)，當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)作為(wei)(wei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人負責接貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)、分(fen)(fen)撥，按(an)(an)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)各(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報關單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)據(ju)并代為(wei)(wei)報關、為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人辦理(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關接貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)關貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)事宜(yi)。貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人辦理(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關接貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)送貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)事宜(yi)。（6）實(shi)(shi)際(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)(shou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人在(zai)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)上簽收(shou)(shou)(shou)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)站(zhan)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)向(xiang)發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代理(li)(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)反饋到(dao)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)信息。3．集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)（1）集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)只適合(he)(he)辦理(li)(li)普(pu)通(tong)(tong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，對于(yu)等級運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)價的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)：貴(gui)重(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品、危險品、活(huo)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等不(bu)(bu)(bu)能辦理(li)(li)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。（2）目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)相同或(huo)臨近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)辦理(li)(li)，如(ru)某一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家或(huo)地(di)(di)區，其(qi)(qi)他則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)辦理(li)(li)。例(li)如(ru)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)能把去(qu)日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)發(fa)到(dao)歐洲。4．集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian)（1）節(jie)省運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)費(fei)(fei)：航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)價一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)都低(di)(di)于(yu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)協會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)價。發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人可(ke)得到(dao)低(di)(di)于(yu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)于(yu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)價，從而(er)節(jie)省費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。（2）提(ti)供(gong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)：將(jiang)(jiang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，可(ke)使(shi)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)到(dao)達航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)到(dao)達地(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)，延伸(shen)了航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務，方(fang)(fang)(fang)便(bian)(bian)了貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)主(zhu)。（3）提(ti)早結匯(hui)：發(fa)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)人將(jiang)(jiang)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)交與(yu)(yu)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)代代理(li)(li)后(hou)，即(ji)可(ke)取(qu)得貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)，可(ke)持分(fen)(fen)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)到(dao)銀行(xing)盡(jin)早辦理(li)(li)結匯(hui)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)已在(zai)世界(jie)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)普(pu)遍開展，形成(cheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)完(wan)善、有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務系統，為(wei)(wei)促進(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)貿易發(fa)展和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)科技文化交流起(qi)了良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。集(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)托(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)進(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)1．聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概念(nian)陸空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)火車、飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)卡車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯合(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。簡稱(cheng)TAT（Train- Air-Truck），或(huo)火車、飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯合(he)(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)，簡稱(cheng)TA（Train- Air）。2. 國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)陸空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)聯運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)，我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)幅(fu)員遼闊(kuo)，而(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)港口(kou)岸主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)北京、上海、廣州等。雖然省會城市和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些主(zhu)要(yao)城市每天都有(you)(you)(you)(you)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飛(fei)往(wang)(wang)上海、北京、廣州，但(dan)班(ban)(ban)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所帶貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限，費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高。如(ru)果采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，費(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)更貴(gui)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)在(zai)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)陸運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)至航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)口(kou)岸,再與(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)(hang)班(ban)(ban)銜(xian)接。由于(yu)汽(qi)車具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送時(shi)(shi)間(jian)上更可(ke)掌握主(zhu)動，因此(ci)(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)都采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)"TAT"方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)組織出(chu)(chu)(chu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。選自(zi)(zi)錦程全(quan)球訂(ding)艙(cang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心
二、有關國際航空運輸的法律條文
航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)下(xia)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律法(fa)規和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)面國(guo)(guo)(guo)內法(fa)律法(fa)規有(you)(you)(you):《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)法(fa)》，《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)民用(yong)(yong)(yong)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)規則(ze)(ze)》 。國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you):《統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)某些規則(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》——華沙公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),海牙議定書、《瓜達拉(la)哈拉(la)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》。《統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)某些規則(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)》：本公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于所有(you)(you)(you)以航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)器運(yun)送旅客(ke)、行李或貨(huo)(huo)(huo)物而收取報(bao)酬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。本公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同(tong)樣適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)企(qi)業以航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)器辦理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免(mian)費運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。本公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)所指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義是：根(gen)據有(you)(you)(you)關各方(fang)(fang)所訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)，不(bu)論(lun)在運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中是否有(you)(you)(you)間斷(duan)或轉運(yun)，其(qi)出發地(di)和(he)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)是在兩個(ge)締約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)或非締約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、宗(zong)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、委任(ren)統治權(quan)(quan)或權(quan)(quan)力(li)管(guan)轄(xia)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領土(tu)內有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)停地(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)何運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。在同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)締約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、宗(zong)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、委任(ren)統治權(quan)(quan)或權(quan)(quan)力(li)管(guan)轄(xia)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領土(tu)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，如果(guo)沒有(you)(you)(you)這種約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)停地(di)點，對本公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)來說(shuo)不(bu)作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。幾個(ge)連續的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航(hang)(hang)(hang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)承運(yun)人所辦理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，如果(guo)被合(he)同(tong)各方(fang)(fang)認為(wei)是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)業務活動(dong)，則(ze)(ze)無論(lun)是以一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)合(he)同(tong)或一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)訂立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，就本公(gong)(gong)(gong)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)來說(shuo)，應作為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)單一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，并(bing)不(bu)因其(qi)中一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)合(he)同(tong)或一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)完(wan)全在同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)締約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、宗(zong)主(zhu)權(quan)(quan)、委任(ren)統治權(quan)(quan)或權(quan)(quan)力(li)管(guan)轄(xia)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領土(tu)內履行而喪失其(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)質。
三、國際航空貨物運輸的特點是什么？
航空(kong)(kong)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)雖然(ran)起(qi)步較(jiao)(jiao)晚(wan)，但發展(zhan)(zhan)異常(chang)迅速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，特(te)別是受到(dao)現(xian)(xian)代化企業(ye)管理(li)(li)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞，原因之一(yi)(yi)就在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)它具有(you)(you)許多(duo)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)所不能(neng)比(bi)擬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)(xing)。概括(kuo)起(qi)來(lai)，航空(kong)(kong)貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要特(te)征有(you)(you)：一(yi)(yi)、運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)快(kuai)(kuai)從(cong)航空(kong)(kong)業(ye)誕生之日(ri)起(qi)，航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)就以(yi)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)而(er)著(zhu)稱。到(dao)目前(qian)為(wei)止(zhi)，飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)仍然(ran)是最快(kuai)(kuai)捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通工具，常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)噴氣式(shi)(shi)(shi)飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟巡航速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)大(da)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每小(xiao)時850～900公里左右(you)。快(kuai)(kuai)捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交通工具大(da)大(da)縮短(duan)了貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)途(tu)(tu)時間，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)那些易腐爛(lan)、變(bian)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)活商(shang)(shang)品(pin)；時效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)、季(ji)節(jie)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)報(bao)刊、節(jie)令性(xing)(xing)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)；搶險(xian)、救急(ji)品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)特(te)點顯得(de)(de)(de)尤為(wei)突出(chu)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)這(zhe)樣(yang)說，快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)加上全(quan)球密(mi)集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)網絡才有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)使(shi)我們(men)從(cong)前(qian)渴(ke)望而(er)不可(ke)(ke)及的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)活商(shang)(shang)品(pin)開辟遠(yuan)距離市場(chang)，使(shi)消(xiao)費者享有(you)(you)更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)快(kuai)(kuai)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)途(tu)(tu)時間短(duan)，也(ye)使(shi)貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)途(tu)(tu)風(feng)險(xian)降(jiang)低(di)，因此許多(duo)貴重物(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)、精密(mi)儀器也(ye)往(wang)往(wang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)(shi)(shi)。當(dang)今國際市場(chang)競爭激烈(lie)，航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)所提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)服務也(ye)使(shi)得(de)(de)(de)供貨(huo)商(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)對(dui)國外市場(chang)瞬息萬(wan)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行情即刻(ke)做出(chu)反(fan)應，迅速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)推出(chu)適銷產品(pin)占領市場(chang)，獲(huo)得(de)(de)(de)較(jiao)(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益。二(er)、不受地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)條件(jian)(jian)影(ying)響(xiang)，深入內陸(lu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天空(kong)(kong)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)自然(ran)通道，不受地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)條件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)條件(jian)(jian)惡(e)劣(lie)交通不便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內陸(lu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)非常(chang)合適，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口，促進當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)。航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)使(shi)本地(di)(di)(di)(di)與世界相連(lian)，對(dui)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輻射面(mian)(mian)廣，而(er)且航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)相比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)公路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)與鐵路(lu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)占用(yong)(yong)(yong)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)少(shao)，對(dui)寸土寸金、地(di)(di)(di)(di)域狹(xia)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)發展(zhan)(zhan)對(dui)外交通無(wu)疑是十分適合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。三、安(an)全(quan)、準確與其(qi)他(ta)(ta)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)比(bi)航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)高，1997年，世界各航空(kong)(kong)公司共執行航班1800萬(wan)架次(ci)，僅發生嚴重事故11起(qi)，風(feng)險(xian)率(lv)(lv)約(yue)為(wei)三百(bai)萬(wan)分之一(yi)(yi)。航空(kong)(kong)公司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)管理(li)(li)制度(du)也(ye)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)完善(shan)，貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)損(sun)率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)，如果采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)送貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，則更為(wei)安(an)全(quan)。四、節(jie)約(yue)包(bao)裝(zhuang)、保險(xian)、利(li)息等(deng)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)由于(yu)(yu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)途(tu)(tu)時間短(duan)，周轉速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)快(kuai)(kuai)，企業(ye)存貨(huo)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減少(shao)。一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)利(li)資金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)收，減少(shao)利(li)息支出(chu)，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)企業(ye)倉儲費用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)。又由于(yu)(yu)航空(kong)(kong)貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)安(an)全(quan)、準確，貨(huo)損(sun)、貨(huo)差少(shao)，保險(xian)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)低(di)。與其(qi)他(ta)(ta)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)相比(bi)，航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)包(bao)裝(zhuang)簡單，包(bao)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)本減少(shao)。這(zhe)些都(dou)構(gou)成(cheng)企業(ye)隱性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下降(jiang)，收益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增加。當(dang)然(ran)，航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)有(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局限(xian)性(xing)(xing)，主(zhu)要表現(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)航空(kong)(kong)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)更高，不適合低(di)價值貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)；航空(kong)(kong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)載(zai)工具——飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艙容有(you)(you)限(xian)，對(dui)大(da)件(jian)(jian)貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)或大(da)批量貨(huo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制；飛(fei)(fei)機(ji)飛(fei)(fei)行安(an)全(quan)容易受惡(e)劣(lie)氣候(hou)影(ying)響(xiang)等(deng)等(deng)。但總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)講，隨著(zhu)新興技術得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)更為(wei)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，產品(pin)更趨向(xiang)薄(bo)、輕、短(duan)、小(xiao)、高價值，管理(li)(li)者更重視(shi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及時性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)，相信航空(kong)(kong)貨(huo)運(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)將會有(you)(you)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景。選自錦(jin)程全(quan)球訂艙中心
四、目前國際航空業的發展前景如何，世界航空運輸的主要線路有哪些
前(qian)(qian)景還不(bu)錯，據前(qian)(qian)瞻產(chan)業(ye)(ye)研究院《2016-2021年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)通用航(hang)(hang)(hang)空業(ye)(ye)市場前(qian)(qian)瞻與投資戰略(lve)規劃分析報(bao)告》顯示(shi)，經(jing)過新中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)50年(nian)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，作(zuo)(zuo)為國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟和(he)(he)社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要行業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)先進(jin)(jin)的交通運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸方式，我(wo)國(guo)(guo) 民(min)航(hang)(hang)(hang)業(ye)(ye)伴隨整個(ge)國(guo)(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟的發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)而不(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa) 展(zhan)(zhan)壯(zhuang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。特別是改(gai)革開放20年(nian)來，航(hang)(hang)(hang)空運(yun)(yun)(yun)量持續快速(su)(su)增(zeng)長，航(hang)(hang)(hang)線網(wang)絡不(bu)斷擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)，機隊運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸能 力(li)顯著增(zeng)強，機場、空管等(deng)基礎設(she)施建設(she)取(qu)得(de)重大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)進(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)，管理(li)體(ti)制改(gai)革和(he)(he)擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)對外開放邁出 較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)步伐。航(hang)(hang)(hang)空運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)改(gai)革開放和(he)(he)加速(su)(su)加速(su)(su)社會(hui)主義現(xian)代化建設(she)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揮著越(yue)來越(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的作(zuo)(zuo)用。1航(hang)(hang)(hang)線網(wang)絡迅速(su)(su)擴(kuo)(kuo)展(zhan)(zhan)。2.飛行安全成績顯著。3.運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸規模(mo)擴(kuo)(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、地(di)位上升。4.運(yun)(yun)(yun)力(li)迅速(su)(su)增(zeng)強5.配套(tao)基礎設(she)施完備。6.機場建設(she)成就卓著對外開放和(he)(he)合作(zuo)(zuo)有很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。
五、國際快遞顯示交航空公司運輸5天都沒消息？怎么回事？
沒有(you)看到你(ni)(ni)的(de)物流記錄，具體是怎樣的(de)，不過一般空運(yun)件(jian)(jian)，確實(shi)會出現(xian)你(ni)(ni)說(shuo)的(de)這種情況。理論上(shang)空運(yun)件(jian)(jian)比(bi)陸運(yun)件(jian)(jian)快。但實(shi)際由(you)于飛機(ji)的(de)運(yun)輸能(neng)力有(you)限。快件(jian)(jian)到達機(ji)場(chang)后，往往不能(neng)及時登上(shang)飛機(ji)。而被滯留在機(ji)場(chang)，出現(xian)你(ni)(ni)說(shuo)的(de)情況。你(ni)(ni)只能(neng)耐心等著。
以(yi)上(shang)就是(shi)小編對(dui)于國際(ji)(ji)航空運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)協會成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)日期_國際(ji)(ji)航空運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)協會成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)日期問(wen)題(ti)和相關問(wen)題(ti)的解答了，國際(ji)(ji)航空運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)協會成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)日期_國際(ji)(ji)航空運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)協會成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)日期的問(wen)題(ti)希望(wang)對(dui)你(ni)有用！